England

Civil war

By January, 1647, King Charles was a prisoner of Parliament. In the midst of factional disagreements within the Parliamentary forces, the king was brought to London in August of 1647. After another altercation between the two warring sides, in which King Charles was captured by first one side and then the other, the remaining members of Parliament declared it treason for a king to make war on Parliament. In January, 1649, the trial began with King Charles steadfastly refusing to bow to Parliament's demands. On January 30, 1649, King Charles I was beheaded, the death warrant signed by 59 men, two of whom, Edward Whalley and William Goffe, leaving their wives and families behind.

tea

It is no wonder that tea is the beverage most commonly enjoyed by centenarians around the world. Tea is full of powerful antioxidants that improve concentration, gently boost energy, and make people happier. The free radical-inhibiting property of tea is more potent than that of vitamin E, and tea is a proven preventive and treatment for atherosclerosis (hardening of the arteries). The polyphenols in tea, especially the catechins, are powerful antioxidants that help ward off diabetes and cancer.

apple pie

“The typical American pie made from uncooked apples, fat, sugar, and sweet spices mixed together and baked inside a closed pie shell descends from fifteenth-century English apple pies, which, while not quite the same, are similar enough that the relationship is unmistakable. By the end of the sixteenth century in England, apple pies were being made that are virtually identical to those made in America in the early twenty-first century. Apple pies came to America quite early. There are recipes for apple pie in both manuscript receipts and eighteenth-century English cookery books imported into the colonies.”
—Oxford Encyclopedia of Food and Drink in America, Andrew Smith editor [Oxford University Press:New York] 2004.